加快农业产业化进程对策研究

以滨州为例,就欠发达地区如何通过实施农业产业化促进农民增收进行探讨.     

浅谈农业现代化建设

该文阐述了提高农民整体素质,加大科技成果的转化推广力度,推行农业标准化、规模化生产是实现我国农业现代化建设的必由之路。     

小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活及体外发育

分别用不同条件的电脉冲、酒精浓度刺激不同卵龄的小鼠卵母细胞，进行体外培养并观察卵母细胞的活化和体外发育情况。结果表明，①以场强５５Ｖ／ｍｍ，脉宽１６０μｓ的电脉冲刺激卵龄为１７ｈ的卵母细胞，活化卵形成二原核率为９０％；以场强５５Ｖ／ｍｍ，脉宽６４０μｓ的电脉冲刺激卵龄为１５ｈ的卵母细胞，激活卵的桑椹胚最高发育率为６９％．②用７％酒精刺激卵龄为１５ｈ的卵母细胞２ｍｉｎ，活化率最高为７２％，激活卵的桑椹胚发育率为２２．２％．     

黄芩组培工厂化技术研究

选用黄芩健壮枝条作为材料,进行组培快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导激素组合以6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.5mg/L最为有利,所形成愈伤组织生长速度和质量均满足要求;不定芽分化激素组合为6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L,增殖方式为器官发生型再生方式;继代培养采用NAA0.5～0.1mg/L B90.5～0.1mg/L,增殖在10倍以上;生根培养NAA0.5mg/L IBA0.1mg/L,一般15d左右生根,平均根量4～5条,生根率近100%,能显著提高移栽成活率,满足植物组织培养工厂化育苗技术要求。     

砂土磷素动态及磷肥效应研究

砂土供磷特性及磷肥效应的研究结果表明,砂土磷的活度在0.64～1.39之间,土壤磷素活性高低的顺序为轻砂潮土>细砂潮土>粗砂潮土。砂土磷素形态以无机磷为主,有机磷甚少,仅占全磷含量的8.84%,无机磷占91.15%。无机磷形态组成以磷酸钙为主,Ca-P 平均为无机磷总量的86.1%,O-P 占9.6%,Al-P 占3%,Fe-P 占1.3%,各种形态无机磷与速效磷的关系为:y(速效磷)=49.30x_1(Al-P)+21.854 7x_4(Ca-P)-3.420 9。Al-P 和 Ca-P 对砂土速效磷的贡献具有一定的意义。磷酸铁铝和磷酸钙盐均可以作为砂土磷素的给源。砂土全磷和有效磷的消长决定于磷素收支平衡。施入土壤中磷的形态转化主要受土壤本身性质的制约。磷肥的作用主要在作物生育前期,而在中、后期则更多地吸收利用土壤中的磷素。磷肥肥效随土壤供磷水平和速效磷含量的增高而降低,粗、细砂潮土中磷肥对小麦的肥效分别比轻砂潮土高41.1%和17.7%。     

Light and electron microscopic evidence of white spot disease in the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), and the kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus (Bate), cultured in Taiwan

Since 1992, mass mortalities among cultured giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), and kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus (Bate), have been observed in Taiwan. The condition is known as 'white spot disease' (WSD), based on the characteristic white spots on the cuticle of diseased shrimp. With the scanning electron microscope, two sizes of white spots were observed. Each spot represented a protrusion on the inside surface of the carapace. The composition of white spots was similar to that of the cuticule, most calcium, as determined with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Histological studies of moribund, infected specimens revealed degenerated cells, characterized by hypertrophied nuclei, in various meso- and ectodermal tissues. Infected tissues included cuticular epidermis, connective tissue, lymphoid organ, antennal gland, and haematopoietic, gill and nervous tissue. Nuclei were Feulgen-positive and no occlusion body was found in the necrotic tissue. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of rod-shaped and enveloped virions in the hypertrophied nuclei. The virions measured 298 ± 21 × 107 ± 8 nm in the giant tiger shrimp and 248 ± 12 × 104 ± 8 nm in the kuruma shrimp. In an experimental infection trial, cumulative mortality was 40% within 14 days under stress conditions. No mortality was observed in controls or in non-stressed infected shrimp. Experimental infections show that environmental stressors such as ammonia may enhance the severity of WSD virus infections in cultured shrimp.     

Effects of mangrove deforestation on fish assemblage at Pak Phanang Bay,southern Thailand

Daytime sampling using a seine net was conducted at Pak Phanang Bay (Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand) in February and July 2006, to determine differences in fish assemblage structures between a mangrove site and an adjacent site completely cleared of mangroves. The overall numbers of fish species and individuals were significantly higher at the mangrove site than the cleared site in both months. Although benthic crustacean feeders showed more species and individual numbers at the mangrove site in both months, the opposite was found for zooplankton feeders. A cluster analysis, based on the abundance of each species, demonstrated that the fish assemblage structures were distinctly different between the two sites. In addition, significant differences in length frequency distributions for each of the four most abundant species were found between the sites in February and/or July. Small individuals of Scatophagus argus, Ambassis nalua, and Tetraodon nigroviridis were more common at the mangrove site, and of Chelon subviridis at the cleared site. These results suggest that mangrove deforestation exerts marked effects on fish assemblages.     

吡草醚在棉花及土壤中的残留分析方法研究

研究建立了吡草醚在棉花及土壤中的残留分析方法。棉叶和棉籽样品以乙腈提取,GCB/PSA固相萃取小柱净化,高效液相色谱测定。土壤样品以丙酮提取,C₁₈小柱净化。吡草醚在棉叶、棉籽和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.02 mg·kg^-1。吡草醚在棉叶、棉籽和土壤中的平均添加回收率（添加浓度为0.02~1 mg·kg^-1）分别为93.94%~101.65%、84.88%~98.62% 和85.49%~90.71%,变异系数分别为3.96%~8.06%、7.59%~10.37% 和5.59%~ 8.69%。方法的准确性、精确性和灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求。     

山羊皮肤组织细胞分离与培养的研究

本实验研究了山羊皮肤组织细胞的分离,培养,纯化方法和生长特征,获得了传统代培养的山羊皮肤上皮细胞与成纤维细胞,组织块贴附培养和分散单细胞接种培养均能获得原代山羊皮肤细胞。用１５０ＩＵ／ｍＬ胶原酶ＩＴＣＭ１９９液３７℃下培养消化１０ｈ,可较好地分解组织块,产生接种浓度的分散单细胞。